The purpose of this article is to not only highlight potentially dangerous animals in California, but also hopefully help you learn that many of the animals you might fear have an incredibly low chance of ever harming you. It may also open your eyes on how to avoid dangerous animal encounters as well as what to do should you ever face potential danger.

It is important to remember that the most dangerous animal in all of California is the human. There were over 2,000 murders in California last year, which accounts for many times more deaths than any of these “dangerous animals” are responsible for.

13 Dangerous Animals in California

Mountain Lions

Mountain lion, cougar, puma, panther, and even catamount. Whatever you call it, these are one of California’s primary apex predators and the largest feline species in North America. We tend to call them mountain lion’s in my neck of the woods, where sightings are relatively common.

I would imagine most people who live near the wilds of California have a healthy fear of mountain lions. After all, they are large (about 100-200 lbs), have strong teeth and long claws, and can run up to 50mph! But, mountain lions are known for their solitary and elusive nature and rarely come in contact with humans.

According to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, there have been 21 confirmed mountain lion attacks in California between 1986 and 2022. That is less than one per year. Only three have been fatal. This means your odds of being killed by a mountain lion are about one in a billion.

About half of the people attacked have been children ages 10 and under. This is why it is important to keep young children within arm’s reach when hiking in mountian lion habitat! Mountain lions may see young children as possible prey. My husband mountain bikes regularly in a park where mountain lions are regularly spotted it is remarkable how many people he sees leaving their young children unattended!

So, what do you do if you encounter a mountain lion? Odds are, mountain lions will see you but you will never see them. And if you do see them, it will be so quick that you won’t have time to react like my neighbor who was mountain biking in Whiting Ranch Regional Park when I cougar quickly trotted across the trail.

According to the National Park Service you should do the following if you encounter a mountain lion:

• Stay calm while facing the lion and standing tall. 
• Do not run from a lion. If you run you will trigger the lion’s prey instinct. Instead, keep eye contact and back away slowly. Avoid crouching or bending over.
• Do all you can to appear intimidating. This includes yelling in a loud, deep voice for the mountain lion to go away, clapping your hands loudly, and throwing sticks and rocks at the lion if it attempts to approach you.

If you do see a mountain lion, you should report it. It helps park rangers keep track of the animals’ locations and keep everyone safe, including the lions.

Did you know? Mountain lions are listed as a “specially protected species” under California law. They are also protected under the California Endangered Species Act. Despite these protections, they face various threats such as habitat loss, traffic accidents, and lack of genetic diversity due to a lack of wildlife corridors in more urban areas.

The Liberty Canyon Wildife Crossing in Agoura Hills is currently being built over 10 lanes of US-101 and expected to be completed in 2025. Once completed, it will be a critical wildlife corridor habitat linkage between the Santa Susana Mountains, the Simi Hills and the Santa Monica Mountains.”

Great White Sharks

California’s coastline is known for its population of great white sharks. While shark attacks are rare, it’s important to be mindful when swimming or engaging in water activities in known shark habitats.

Great white sharks are the ocean’s version of an apex predator. Adults are typically 12 to 20 feet long, weigh 1500- 2400 lbs, and swim up to 35mph. Plus, they have hundreds of sharp, triangular teeth! They are ambush-style hunters that eat marine mammals and fish.

Great white sharks prefer nearshore waters, including coastal areas and offshore islands like California’s Channel Islands. They are known to frequent areas where their main prey, such as seals and sea lions, are abundant.

According to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, “Since 1950, there have been 209 shark incidents in California involving all species of sharks, at least 185 of which involved white sharks. Of those, 15 were fatal and all of the fatalities involved white sharks.”

Of California’s 19 coastal counties, San Diego County currently holds the record for the most shark incidents since the 1950’s at 24. Still, you shouldn’t be afraid to swim in the ocean. According to a Stanford study, you have 1-in-17 million chance of being attacked by a shark in California. You are more than 1,800 times more likely to drown.

Recent drone studies done by Cal State Long Beach’s Shark Lab have discovered that many beaches off the coast of Southern California have become white shark nurseries in recent years as the water warms. Most of the sharks tend to be 50-100 yards offshore and swimming alongside humans regularly with no issues whatsoever.

Del Mar and Carpenteria seem to be popular juvenile white shark spots but most people hanging out past the breakwater (mainly surfers and paddleboarders) have no idea there is a shark swimming near them! The great news is that even with this increase in shark activity, there hasn’t been an increas in shark attacks.

Stingrays

Stingrays are found in shallow coastal waters in California. They are not aggressive towards humans, but they can be dangerous if they are stepped on since they have venomous spines which can cause severe pain.

Stingrays are primarily bottom-feeders, and their diet mainly consists of small fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates. They use their flat, disc-shaped bodies to move along the seafloor while searching for prey. The primary stringray found in California in the round stingray.

In California, there is a seasonal pattern of stingray activity, commonly referred to as “stingray season.” This usually occurs during the warmer months, from late spring to early fall. During this time of year, locals know to do the “stingray shuffle” when entering the water. This involves shuffling your feet along the sand as you enter the water, which creates vibrations that can alert nearby stingrays and give them a chance to move away.

Chris Lowe, the director of the Shark Lab at Cal State University, Long Beach has deemed Southern California the “stingray capital of the world”. There are thousands of sting ray injuries in Southern California each year.

Did you know? It is estimated that over 30,000 stingrays live in Seal Beach where the San Gabriel River meets the sea? It is no surprise that Seal Beach lifeguards treat more than 500 stingray-related injuries each year.

If you get stung by a ray, head to the nearest lifeguard station, as they are well prepared. They will want to remove the barb if a piece is in you and submerse your wound in hot (but not scalding water). This is the best way to neurtralize the sting- not urine as Monica Gellar and Joey Tribbiani on Friends might have led you to believe. The heat breaks up the toxins in the ray’s barb.

The venom of the round stingray is not lethal to humans, but it can cause intense pain, swelling, and other symptoms. The sting may also introduce bacteria into the wound, leading to infection if not properly cleaned and cared for. The risk of infection is the primary danger of a sting.

Rattlesnakes

There are several different types of rattlesnakes that call California home. 

The Western Rattlesnake is the most widepspread and there are four distinct subspecies- The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Northern Mojave Rattlesnake, Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake, and the Southern Pacific Rattlesnake. California is also home to the Western Diamondback, Red Diamondback, Sidewinders, and Panamint Rattlesnake.

Read our article all about these venomous snakes in California and discover where they live and how to identify them.

Of all of these species, the Northern Mojave Rattlesnake is the most venomous. Its bite can be fatal if not treated promptly. However, most bites are not fatal, and with proper medical care, the vast majority of people bitten by this snake make a full recovery.

Only about 800 people receive a venomous snake bite in California per year. That”s just 2.5 bites per 100,000 people! 

And fortunately, only one or two rattlesnake bites out of the 8,000 per year across the entire country result in death. 

Most snake bites occur between April and October, aka: snake season. It should come as no surprise that a large percentage of those who get bit by rattlesnakes are young males who are purposely bothering the snakes (and often intoxicated). 

Of course, there are still plenty of people who accidentally get bit by unintentionally stepping on a snake. This is usually a result of walking through thick grass somewhere off trail or not paying attention to wear you are going. Thankfully, a rattlesnake bite may hurt, but it isn’t a reason to panic.

If you get bit by a rattlesnake: 

• Remain calm. You don’t want to elevate your heart rate much so avoid activities like running. 
• Gently wash the area with soap and water if possible. Apply a cold, wet cloth over the bite.
• Call 911 or head to the nearest emergency room
• Keep the bite site elevated above your heart on your way to the emergency room.

DO NOT Do These Things If You Are Bit By a Rattlesnake

There are many myths surrounding rattlesnake bites. Avoid the following:

• Do not apply a tourniquet
• Do not cut the wound with a knife to “let the poison out”
• Do not try to suck out the venom
• Do not pack the wounded area in ice

If your pet gets bit by a rattlesnake, take them to the nearest emergency vet. Many veterinarians have anti-venom on hand, especially in rattlesnake prone areas.

As an avid hiker, I have encountered rattlesnakes many times and every single time, the snake had no interest in getting involved with a human. In nearly every time, the snake gave me plenty of warning with its rattle. 

Scorpions

There are several species of scorpions in California, and many of them are venomous. These arachnids are most active at night and while they are most commonly found in deserts, they can be spotted in forests and even some urban areas.

While scorpion stings can be very painful, there hasn’t been a death from a scorpion bite in the United States since the 1940s.

The most common scorpion species in California is the aptly-named California common scorpion. This species is found in various habitats, including deserts, woodlands, and urban areas. While their stings can be painful, they are not typically life-threatening to healthy adults.

The Arizona Bark Scorpion is found in the southern desert regions of California, and is one of the most venomous scorpion species in North America. A sting from this critter is painful, and while healthy adults usually recover without major complications, children, the elderly, and individuals with allergies may experience more severe reactions.

Bark scorpions are typically only three inches long and with a very thin tail. They are climbers and attracted to moisture around homes. They only need a 1/16 inch crack to enter a building and can climb stucco and enter through attics. If you live in bark scorpion territory, make sure you house is well sealed.

The Striped Tail Scorpion is another scorpioon found in California. It is the one you are most likely to find in shoes or sleeping bags while outdoors since they are a burrowing species Luckily, though the sting is painful, it isn’t life-threatening.

If you do happen to get stung by a scorpion:

• Call your doctor ASAP. Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment, but it is important to consult with a medical professional to know what symptoms to look for which might indicate a need to a hospital visit.
• While waiting to medical treatment, clean the area around the sting with soap and water, taking care to keep the area around the sting still if possible to reduce the spread of the venom.
• Apply an ice pack or cold compress.
• Take an over-the-counter pain reliever.
• The skin broken by theosting could get infected with tetanus bacteria so it is important to make sure your tetanus shot is up to date.

Deer

When you think about dangerous animals in California, you probably don’t think about deer, but you should! They are actually one of the most dangerous animals in the state because they cause over 20,000 car collisions per year!

And while that sounds like a lot, take comfort in the fact that California is the 49th most likely state to for a driver to be involved in a deer collision; only Hawaii ranks lower.

According to State Farm, there are 1.33 million deer-vehicle collisions in the US per year. The odds of hitting a deer with a car in the country as a whole are 1 in 116, but the odds in California are only 1 in 1,125.

It should be no surprise that you are most likely to hit a deer when they are most active- dusk and dawn. If you are driving in an area with a heavy deer population, be extra aware when driving during those times.

Black Bears

Black bears can be found in many parts of California, especially forested areas. They generally do avoid human contact but they have been known to cruise neighborhoods in search of food, especially on trash day.

Black bear encounters are relatively common in California, especially in areas where human development encroaches on their natural habitat. These areas include the foothills of LA County and the Lake Tahoe region. These encounters are usually not aggressive, and black bears will often flee when they detect human presence. However, they can become habituated to human food sources, leading to conflicts and potentially dangerous situations.

Black bears are the only bears that live in California. There used to be a healthy grizzly bear population in California. As a matter of fact, there were 10,000 grizzly bears in the state before the Gold Rush, enough to put the grizzly bear on the state flag. Unfortunately they were hunted to extinction in the 1920s.

Today, there are 30-40,000 black bears in California. Despite their name, they can have fur color that ranges from black to various shades of brown. Adult male black bears can weigh between 200 to 600 pounds, while adult females generally weigh less, ranging from 150 to 400 pounds.

Fun fact- black bears are not native to Southern California (though grizzly bears were). All of the black bears in the Southern California region today are descendants of 27 bears captured in Yosemite National Park and release in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains in the 1930s!

While their diet consists of berries, nuts, fruits, insects, small mammals, and occasionally scavenged carcasses, they are also known to raid trash cans or campsites in search of food, which can lead to conflicts with humans. Thankfully, according to the World Animal Foundation, there has not been a fatal wild bear attack in the Golden State since 1986.

In June 2022, a wild black bear was put down after it clawed a woman on the face while trying to escape her home in North Lake Tahoe, but this is rare. There are typically less than five bear attacks in the state per decade.

What to do if you encounter a black bear:

• Do not run! This will trigger the bear’s prey drive.
• Keep a safe distance and begin to back away slowly.
• Make yourself look bigger by waving your arms and standing tall.
• Make noise by yelling “Go Away Bear” and clapping your hands. Do not make eye contact.

You can avoid bear encounters by making noise on a trail that is in bear country. Allow them to hear you coming so they can move out of the way.

If you are camping in an area with bears, make sure to practice safe food storage techniques (don’t leave food in your car unless you want it broken into by a furry visitor) and cleaning up thoroughly after a meal. Bear lockers are your friend- use them.

Widow Spiders

There are two types of widow spiders that call California home, the Western Black Widow and the Brown Widow. The Western Black Widow is the more venomous of the two. Although their bites are rarely fatal, they can cause severe pain and discomfort.

The Western Black Widow is found almost everywhere in California. They are most often found in dark corners of garages and sheds or in pipes and drains. The female black widow has a distinctive black body with a red hourglass-shaped marking on its underside. Female black widows are usually about 1.5 inches long and far more likely to give you a venomous bite.

Young children and older adults are the most susceptible to these spider bites. Bites can cause chest pain, stomach cramping and nausea, swelling of the eyelids, and even burning at the bottom of the feet! Other symptoms include fever, chills, shock, and very high blood pressure.

If you get bit by a black widow spider:

• Call your doctor or poison control. If you exhibit severe symptoms they may want to give you anti venom or anti-spasm pain meds.
• Try to remain calm to slow the spread of toxins through your body
• Ice the wound. You will notice two small puncture wounds at the site of the bite.
• If you can find the spider, take a picture to identify it for medical professionals.

The Brown Widow is another venomous spider found in California. It is similar in appearance to the black widow but has brown coloration with orange or yellow markings. While its bite is generally less potent than that of the black widow, it can still cause symptoms such as localized pain, muscle stiffness, and nausea.

While Brown Widow spiders are venomous, their bites are generally considered to be less harmful to humans than those of other widow spiders like the black widow. Severe reactions are rare.

Desert Recluse Spider

The Desert Recluse is a less common but potentially dangerous spider found in desert regions of California. It is found mostly in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts as well as the foothills of the lower San Joaquin Valley.

It is brown in color and has a violin-shaped marking on its back. The violin shape is less distinct in desert recluse spiders compared to the brown recluse. Bites from desert recluse spiders are not as bad as the dreaded brown recluse (which is not in California), but they can cause tissue damage in some cases.  

Symptoms of a desert recluse spider bite include pain, swelling, redness, and a characteristic blister at the bite site. In some cases, the tissue around the bite can become necrotic (dead), leading to an ulcer. Severe reactions are relatively rare.

If you get bit by a desert recluse spider, RICE is recommended- rest, ice, compression and elevation. You should also try to get a picture of the spider of possible because many times people think they were bite by a recluse spider when they were not.

If you start to exhibit severe symptoms, definitely call a medical professional. You should also try to get a picture of the spider if possible because many times people think they were bite by a recluse spider when they were not.

Coyote

Coyotes are found throughout California, from the desert to the mountains, and even urban areas. They are widespread due to their incredible adaptability. The California Department of Fish and Game estimates 250,000 to 750,000 coyotes live in the state.

Coyotes have been in the news more lately because humans have been continuing to encroach on their wild territory and coyotes have become more and more present in urban areas where they hadn’t been previously spotted. While they are generally shy and avoid humans, they have been known to attack pets and small children. They are most aggressive May through September when they are caring for their pups.

Coyotes are primarily nocturnal and most active at dawn and dusk, but they can also be active during the day. They are opportunistic omnivores, which means they eat a varied diet including small mammals, birds, insects, fruits, and even carrion. They will also happily take advantage of human food sources.

We see coyotes on a regular basis in our neighborhood and I know of zero cases of them attacking humans. However, outdoor cats do not last long in my neck of the woods and small dogs should never be left unattended in a backyard because coyotes can hop a fence with ease and see your little pups as a tasy meal. Never leave pet food outside because this will only attract coyotes.

While coyote attacks on humans are extremely rare, they can occur, especially when coyotes have become accustomed to people and lose their natural fear. There are typically about 10 coyote attacks in California each year, and this number is rising.

If you have a coyote problem in your neighborhood you can use hazing techniques to reinforce their natural fear of humans. Be loud and wave your arms if they attempt to approach. You can also throw rocks and sticks in their direction.

Yellowjackets

Yellowjackets are large wasps found throughout California. Yellowjackets can be aggressive when disturbed and unlike bees, will sting repeatedly. The stings can be very painful and can cause allergic reactions in some people. They build nests in various locations, including underground, in trees, or on structures.

Yellowjackets are social insects that live in colonies with a clear division of labor. The colonies are founded by a queen, who lays eggs that develop into workers. It’s good to be the queen! The workers handle all the foraging and nest-building duties. Nests can be located underground, in cavities, and in trees or on structures.

Yellowjackets are particularly defensive when it comes to their nests. If they perceive a threat to their colony, become aggressive and sting repeatedly in defense. Mowing lawns, using outdoor equipment near their nests, or even accidental disturbances can trigger defensive behavior.

In late summer and early fall, yellowjackets become more aggressive as their colonies reach their peak size and food sources become scarcer. This is when they are most likely to come into contact with humans and become a nuisance.

If you do get stung, gently remove any visible stingers with a flat-edged object like a credit card. Wash the sting site with soap and water and apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling. An over-the-counter pain reliever should help as well. If you experience a severe allergic reaction or have difficulty breathing, call 911 immediately.

Tarantula Hawk Wasps

Tarantula hawk wasps are found in California deserts and known for their painful stings. In addition to the deserts, this wasp is common in southern California’s chaparral areas. They are not aggressive toward humans, but will sting if provoked or handled. A sting from the tarantula hawk wasp is considered one of the most painful insect stings, resulting in intense pain and localized swelling.

Tarantula hawk wasps are large, up to two inches in length, and have dark blue, iridescent bodies, bright orange wings, and long legs.

Female tarantula hawk wasps are known for their incredible hunting behavior. They specialize in preying on tarantulas, particularly large and docile species. The female wasp seeks out a tarantula, then paralyzes the spider with a venomous sting.

Once the tarantula is immobilized, the wasp lays a single egg on the spider’s body, drags it to a burrow, and seals the burrow entrance. The developing wasp larva feeds on the still-living tarantula that has been paralyzed by the female wasp’s neurotoxic sting! She then covers the burrow, trapping the spider inside. The larva feed on the spider’s vital organs last, in order to keep it alive long enough for the larva to turn into adult wasps. Freaky!

While the sting of a tarantula hawk wasp is considered one of the most painful insect stings, it is not usually dangerous to humans. The pain from the sting is often described as intense and immediate, lasting for several minutes to an hour. It is described as feeling like an electric shock or a hot poker, so I suggest avoiding these little guys!

Fire Ants

Originally native to South America, fire ants have unfortuntately spread to many parts of the world thanks to human activity. They thrive in warm and humid environments, making them common in the southern US, including some parts of California.

Fire ants are known for their aggressive behavior and deliver painful stings that can cause severe allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. If you have stepped in a bunch of fire ants before, you know that they love to swarm and bite the heck out of you!

California fire ants will nest in the ground, such as at the base of trees or shurb, or in grass. They seem to have an attraction to electricity and have been known to nest in electric outlets, breaker boxes, and HVAC systems. They will eat just about anything, including wire insulation and electric lines.

When threatened, fire ant will quickly swarm and sting intruders multiple times. The sting produces a burning sensation, hence the name “fire ant”. After the sting, victims will experience itching, pain, swelling, and a bunch of tiny, pus-filled blisters.

Right now, fire ants are primarily found in North San Diego County, South Orange County, the San Bernardino area and the Coachella Valley. The fire ant territory is currentlyincreasing by about five miles a year occur by flying females as well as plants that are moved from one location to another with a queen living in them. According to the California Department of Food and Agriculture, “This ant is expected to colonize all irrigated agricultural areas and lawns in California.”

The red fire ant is a quarantined pest in California. If you encounter fire ants on your property, be sure to call the California Department of Food and Agriculture’s Pest Hotline  1-800-491-1899. These pests have the potential to cause major damage to California’s agricultural industry so they actively try to quarantine and erradicate an infestation once it is reported.

Here are 25 animals you may encounter while in Death Valley National Park. Some of these animals are more elusive than others, but all of them call this desert park home. This is not an exhaustive list of animals that are seen in the park. There are several more rodents, birds, reptiles, and insects that call it home as well.

25 Animals in Death Valley

Coyote

Coyotes are a common sight in Death Valley National Park which is no surprise since they are one of the most adaptable and widespread mammals in North America. Coyotes can be found all throughout the park and are highly intelligent and resourceful.

are opportunistic feeders which means they will eat just about anything incluing small mammals, insects, prickly pear fruit, carrion and whatever humans leave behind at picnic spots and campsites.

The coyote in the photo above actually ran alongside our car while we were driving on Badwater Road. It was clear that it had previous success with roadside begging because it was completely unafraid of our vehicle.

Feeding coyotes is dangerous for many reasons. 1. The park’s coyotes can become dependent on humans for food. 2. It can lead to human/animal encounters that lead to human injury from an overly aggressive or hungry wild animal 3. The practice of running up to cars will surely lead to more coyotes being hit and killed by vehicles inside the park.

Coyotes are most active during the early morning and late evening hours, and are often heard howling at night, but as you can see from the photo above, they have no qualms about showing their faces in braod daylight if the possibility of food is involved.

Like birds of prey? Here are all the different hawks in Southern California.

Desert Tortoise

The desert tortoise is a species of turtle that is native to the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of North America, including Death Valley National Park. These tortoises are known for their long lifespan, and many live to be up to 100 years old!

Desert tortoises are listed as a “threatened species” under the Endangered Species Act, and populations in Death Valley National Park have been impacted by habitat loss, disease, and human disturbance. To help protect the desert tortoise and its habitat, the National Park Service has implemented a number of measures, including monitoring populations, enforcing strict regulations on human activity in tortoise habitat areas, and working to control the spread of diseases that can impact the tortoises.

The desert tortoise spends most of their lives in burrows and are completely inactive from November through February. For the rest of the year they do come out for a short period each day to eat, avoiding excessive highs and lows in temperature since they are unable to regular their body temperature on their own.

They are especially active on warm, overcast days. If it rains, the tortoises will also come out to drink water that has gathered in small pools. The desert can go through extended periods of drought, and theses reptiles have developed an adaptation that allows them to store water in their bladders.

Since desert tortoises are soil-colored and rather small (2-15 inches in length), they can be quite hard to spot. They can be found in rocky areas, canyons, and washes where they seek out shelter from the hot sun and access to water sources. They are primarily herbivores, feeding on a variety of plants, including grasses, cacti, and wildflowers.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park may be able to see desert tortoises in the wild, but it’s important to remember that they are a protected species and it is illegal to touch or disturb them. Some of the most common places to see desert tortoises in Death Valley National Park include:

• Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes where tortoises often seek shelter under the brush and cacti that grow in and around the dunes.
• Scotty’s Castle: the historic site located in the northern part of the park is a popular spot for visitors to see tortoises crossing the road or basking in the sun on nearby rocks.
• Titus Canyon: Visitors may spot tortoises near the creek bed or along the canyon walls.
• Wildrose Canyon: This remote canyon is home to a small population of desert tortoises which live in the rocky terrain and among the desert vegetation.

Desert Bighorn Sheep

Desert bighorn sheep are one of the most iconic animals that call Death Valley National Park home. These magnificent animals are well adapted to the harsh desert environment and are known for their impressive climbing abilities and keen senses.

Bighorn sheep are most often found in the mountains and canyons throughout the park, where they seek out areas with rocky terrain and water sources. It is especially important for them to drink water during the brutal summers, and these sheep are known to drink gallons at a time before leaving a water source.

They are primarily herbivores, feeding on a variety of plants, including cactus, shrubs, and grasses. Their complex digestive system allows them to eat plants like mesquite which many other herbivores mightnot be able to digest.

Bighorn sheep are known for their impressive horns, which can weigh up to 30 pounds in males and are used for defense and dominance displays during mating season. Males can weigh up to 250 pounds, while females are generally smaller, weighing around 125 pounds.

Bighorn sheep stick to rocky terrain where their agility can help them escape predators, such as coyotes, who are looking to snag a lamb. Lambs have a 50% chance of surviving their first year of life but if they do, they often live 10-15 years.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park can often catch a glimpse of bighorn sheep from a distance, but it is important to remember to give them plenty of space and not disturb them in their natural habitat.

They are most commonly seen in the higher elevations of the park such the Panamint Range, the Cottonwood Mountains, and the Grapevine Mountains. You may also spot them in canyons like Wildrose Canyon, Emigrant Canyon, Titus Canyon, and Grapevine Canyon.

Mule Deer

Mule deer are a common sight in Death Valley National Park’s higher elevations where there is more vegetation and water sources such as the Panamint, Cottonwood, and Grapevine Mountains These large, graceful animals are named for their long ears, which resemble those of a mule.

Mule deer are herbivores, feeding on a variety of vegetation including grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers. They are active throughout the day, but tend to be most active during the early morning and late afternoon hours.

Mule deer are occasionally seen in the area around Furnace Creek, particularly in the early morning or late afternoon hours when they are most active. They are also sometimes spotted around Scotty’s Castle where deer may be seen crossing the road or grazing in nearby meadows.

Death Valley is one of 12 national parks within a days drive of San Diego.

Desert Kangaroo Rats

The desert kangaroo rat is a small rodent that is native to the deserts of Death Valley National Park. These rats have adapted to the harsh desert environment and are able to survive on very little water, obtaining most of their moisture from the seeds and plants that they eat.

Desert kangaroo rats are primarily active at night, when the temperatures are cooler. They have large hind legs that are adapted for jumping, and are able to cover long distances in search of food and water. They are also known for their ability to avoid predators, using their sharp senses to detect and evade danger.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park may be able to spot desert kangaroo rats at night, particularly in areas where there is vegetation and a source of water. They may also be seen darting across the desert floor, as they move between burrows and feeding grounds.

Chuckwallla

The chuckwalla is a species of lizard found in the southwestern part of the United States, including Death Valley National Park. They are known for their unique appearance, with a stocky body and prominent folds of skin around their neck and shoulders.

In Death Valley, the chuckwallas can often be found basking on rocks or hiding in crevices to avoid the extreme heat of the desert. They are primarily herbivorous, feeding on a variety of plants and occasionally insects.

The chuckwalla has a unique defense mechanism called “tail autotomy,” which allows it to break off its tail if it is caught by a predator. The detached tail will continue to wiggle, distracting the predator while the chuckwalla makes its escape.

These lizards are often brown or gray in color, blending in with their desert surroundings. They can grow up to 16 inches in length and have a lifespan of up to 25 years.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park may be able to spot chuckwallas while hiking or driving through the park, especially in rocky areas or along canyon walls. They are often found basking in the sun on large rocks, especially in the morning hours.

They can be spotted on the rocks around Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes, Mosaic Canyon, Titus Canyon, and around the park’s other canyons and rock formations. They can also be seen along hiking trails, such as the Golden Canyon Trail, Gower Gulch Loop Trail, and Zabriskie Point.

Chuckwallas are generally shy and prefer to avoid humans, so visitors may need to be patient and observant to spot them in their natural habitat. They will hibernate during the winter but are active in high desert temperatures, up to about 102 degrees.

Black-tailed Jackrabbit

The black-tailed jackrabbit is a common species found in the deserts of California, including Death Valley National Park. They are known for their long ears, powerful hind legs, and distinctive black tail.

In Death Valley National Park, black-tailed jackrabbits are found in a variety of habitats, including desert scrub, grasslands, and rocky areas. They are herbivores, feeding on a variety of plants including grasses, shrubs, and cacti.

Black-tailed jackrabbits are active during the day and are most commonly seen in the early morning or late afternoon hours. They are able to run at speeds of up to 40 miles per hour, which allows them to quickly evade predators such as coyotes and bobcats.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park may be able to see black-tailed jackrabbits in the wild, particularly in the park’s more open and arid areas. One of the most common places to spot them is the Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes where they may be seen hopping through the sand or among the desert vegetation. They can also been along the edges of the salt flat in Badwater Basin and in the canyons and washes of the Stovepipe Wells area.

Desert Cottontail

The Desert Cottontail is a common species found in Death Valley National Park. They are a small species of rabbit known for their soft, cotton-like tail and brown or gray fur.

Desert Cottontails are found in a variety of habitats, including desert scrub, grasslands, and rocky areas. They feed on a variety of plants including grasses, shrubs, and cacti They are active during the day and are most commonly seen in the early morning or late afternoon hours. They are able to run at speeds of up to 20 miles per hour.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park may be able to see Desert Cottontails in the wild, particularly in the park’s more open and arid areas. As with all wildlife, it is important to observe them from a safe distance and not to approach or disturb them.

Like the jackrabbit, the cottontail is seen near Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes, Badwater Basin, and Stovepipe Wells. Also keep an eye out for them while visiting Harmony Borax Works. Visitors may see them around the ruins or along the nearby dirt road.

Mojave desert sidewinder rattlesnake

There are nearly 20 different species of snakes that live in Death Valley and you can read about all of them in my extensive guide to the snakes of Southern California. I am going to point out three of the most commonly seen snakes inside Death Valley National Park.

The Mojave desert sidewinder rattlesnake is a venomous snake native to the Mojave and Sonoran deserts, including Death Valley National Park. It gets its name from the distinctive way it moves sideways, with only two points of contact on the ground at any given time, allowing it to move quickly and efficiently across loose sand.

Mojave desert sidewinder rattlesnakes are typically tan or pale brown in color, with darker brown or black diamond-shaped markings along their backs. They are relatively small, typically growing to a length of around two to three feet.

While Mojave desert sidewinder rattlesnakes are venomous, they are generally not aggressive towards humans and will typically try to avoid confrontation if possible. The best places to spot these snakes are in the lower elevations of the park, particularly in areas with loose sand and sparse vegetation. They are most active in the early morning and late afternoon.

Rosy Boa

The Rosy Boa is a non-venomous snake species found in Death Valley. These snakes are easily recognized by their characteristic pinkish to reddish-brown dorsal coloration with dark brown or black markings on their back and sides, and a lighter pinkish coloration on their belly.

Rosy Boas are relatively small, with adults typically reaching lengths oftwo to three feet. They are active during the evening and at night, spending most of the day hiding under rocks or in burrows to avoid the heat of the sun. These snakes are carnivorous, feeding primarily on small rodents, lizards, and other snakes.

Rosy Boas are docile and gentle snakes, making them popular as pets, but snakes should never be taken from the wild. These snakes spend most of their time underground, preferring rocky habitats, including boulder piles and crevices, as well as desert scrubland and sandy washes.

Great Basin Gopher Snake

The Great Basin Gopher Snake is a non-venomous snake that grows up to six feet in length. They are primarily found in areas with dry, rocky terrain, such as desert grasslands, sagebrush plains, and rocky hillsides. In Death Valley National Park, they are commonly seen in the higher elevation areas, such as the Panamint Mountains and the Grapevine Mountains.

Great Basin Gopher Snakes are known for their distinctive patterns and colors, which can vary depending on the individual snake and its location. They are usually tan or brown in color with dark brown or black markings that run along their back and sides. They can be mistaken for rattlesnakes but these snakes have no rattle and are not venomous.

The Great Basin Gopher Snake is a carnivore and feeds on a variety of prey including rodents, birds, lizards, and other snakes. They are constrictors, meaning they wrap their bodies around their prey and squeeze until they cannot breathe.

In Death Valley National Park, the best place to spot the Great Basin Gopher Snake is in rocky areas and canyon floors, such as Mosaic Canyon, Titus Canyon, and Golden Canyon. You may also spot them along the trails that lead to the park’s high-elevation peaks, such as Telescope Peak or Wildrose Peak.

Another popular location to see Great Basin Gopher Snakes is along the park’s main roads, particularly in the areas where the road cuts through rocky terrain. These snakes can often be seen basking on the warm pavement during the cooler morning hours so keep an eye out as you drive!

Panamint Rattlesnake

The Panamint Rattlesnake is a rattlesnake found in the Panamint Mountains of Death Valley National Park. It lives on rocky slopes, in canyons, and in the shrublands this arid desert range.

This rattlesnake has a slender body with a distinct diamond-shaped pattern along the back. The coloration of the snake varies, but it typically has a gray or brownish background color with dark brown or black blotches bordered by lighter edges. Adults are usually 3 to 4 feet in length.

The Panamint Rattlesnake is venomous and has a rattle at the end of its tail warning you not to touch. If you get bit by a rattlesnake, seek medical attention immediately.

They are primarily nocturnal and secretive, spending much of their time hidden under rocks or in crevices during the day. They feed on small mammals, lizards, birds, and other snakes.

The Panamint Rattlesnake is considered a species of conservation concern due to its restricted range and habitat fragmentation. It is protected under California state law, and efforts are being made to conserve its habitat and monitor its populations.

Pocket Gophers

Pocket gophers are small burrowing rodents that are found in Death Valley National Park. These animals are known for their extensive tunneling systems, which they use to obtain food, create shelter, and navigate through their environment.

In Death Valley, pocket gophers are found in a variety of habitats, including desert scrub and open grasslands. They are important ecosystem engineers, as their burrowing helps to aerate the soil, increase water infiltration, and mix organic matter into the soil.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park are unlikely to see pocket gophers, since they spend most of their time underground. However, they may be able to observe their tunneling activity, which is often visible on the surface as mounds of soil or disturbed vegetation.

Ground Squirrel

Several species of ground squirrels can be found in Death Valley National Park, including the golden-mantled ground squirrel, the rock squirrel, and the round-tailed ground squirrel. These small rodents are adapted to the desert environment and play an important role in the park’s ecosystem.

Ground squirrels are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, and can often be seen foraging for food or sunning themselves on rocks or logs. They eat a variety of foods, including seeds, nuts, fruits, and insects.

Visitors to Death Valley may encounter ground squirrels in campgrounds, picnic areas, or along hiking trails. While they may seem cute and harmless, it is important to remember that feeding wildlife is always a bad idea. Feeding ground squirrels can cause them to become habituated to humans, and can also lead to aggressive behavior or the spread of disease like the bubonic plague.

Kit Fox

The kit fox is a small, nocturnal canid that can be found in the Mojave Desert, including in Death Valley National Park. They are typically found in arid environments with sparse vegetation, where they feed on small mammals, insects, and fruit.

The kit fox is an important part of the desert ecosystem and helps to control rodent populations. They are also a key prey species for larger predators, such as coyotes and golden eagles.

Kit foxes are well adapted to the harsh desert environment and have several physical and behavioral adaptations that help them survive. For example, they have large ears that help them regulate their body temperature and locate prey, as well as thick fur that insulates them from the extreme temperatures of the desert.

While kit foxes are relatively common in Death Valley National Park, they can be difficult to spot due to their nocturnal habits and the fact that they are generally shy and elusive. Visitors to the park may have the best chance of seeing kit foxes at dawn or dusk, when they are most active. They have been most commonly spotted in the Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes, the Ubehebe Crater area, or along the park’s perimeter.

Gray Fox

The gray fox is a small to medium-sized canid that can be found throughout much of North America, including the mountainous areas of Death Valley National Park. They are typically found in woodlands, chaparral, and other areas with dense vegetation, where they feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Gray foxes are notable for their climbing abilities, which are unusual for a member of the canid family. They are able to climb trees and other vertical surfaces using their strong claws and flexible ankles, allowing them to escape predators or access food sources that other animals cannot reach.

In Death Valley National Park gray foxes are most often seen in the Panamint Range and the Grapevine Mountains. They are primarily nocturnal, and are most active at night when they hunt for food.

Badger

The American badger is a carnivorous mammal known for their stocky, powerful build, and their ability to dig and burrow in search of prey.

In Death Valley National Park, badgers can be found in a variety of habitats, from sandy desert flats to rocky mountain slopes. They are primarily nocturnal and are most active at night when they hunt for prey such as rodents, reptiles, and small mammals.

Visitors to the park may have the opportunity to see badgers while driving or hiking in the early morning or late evening. However, badgers are typically shy and elusive, and are more likely to be heard than seen.

Bobcat

Bobcats are small to medium-sized wild cats that live in Death Valley National Park. They are generally shy and elusive animals, and are most active during dawn and dusk, although they may be active at any time of day.

In Death Valley, bobcats can be found in a variety of habitats, including desert scrub, rocky canyons, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. They are opportunistic hunters and prey on a variety of small mammals, birds, and reptiles, as well as insects and other invertebrates. They may also scavenge on carrion.

They can be difficult to spot due to their secretive nature and their excellent camouflage. However, visitors may be able to spot them at dawn or dusk, especially in areas where prey is abundant. They may also be seen crossing roads or hiking trails, or resting in the shade of rocks or vegetation during the heat of the day.

Burros

The burro, in Death Valley National Park are descendants of the pack animals brought to the area during the mining era. They are an iconic part of the park’s history and landscape but they are also considerd an invasive species. Today, they experience a population growth of 20% per year!

Burros roam freely throughout the park and can often be seen along the park’s scenic drives and in the surrounding desert areas. They cause damage to the native vegetation and fragile ecosystems as they eat 6,000 pounds of plants per burro per year and compete with native species about desert tortoises and bighorn sheep for resources.

Attempts to remove the burros come at a great cost. In the 1980s $400,000 was spent on a 32 mile fence along the park’s northeastern border. It was ineffective. Useing helicopters to move burros costs about $1,000 per hour- not exactly budget friendly. So, for now, the burros stay.

While these burros may appear friendly, it is important to remember that they are wild animals and should be treated with caution. Feeding or approaching them can be dangerous, and visitors are advised to observe them from a safe distance. It is also illegal to capture, feed, or harass the burros.

Visitors to the park may encounter the burros on the popular Wildrose Charcoal Kilns road or in areas such as Titus Canyon, where the animals sometimes gather around the spring. The burros can also be seen at Furnace Creek Ranch and Stovepipe Wells Village, where they occasionally wander into the parking lots.

Pupfish

Yes, there are fish in the desert! There are actually several species of pupfish found in Death Valley, all of which are adapted to the extreme conditions of the park’s waterways. These include the Salt Creek pupfish, the Devils Hole pupfish, the Cottonball Marsh pupfish, and the Amargosa pupfish.

The Salt Creek pupfish lives in the shallow, warm waters of Salt Creek and can tolerate high levels of salt and temperatures up to 104°F. They feed on algae and small aquatic insects and have a distinctive breeding behavior where males dig shallow nests in the sand and attract females by flashing their brightly colored fins.

There was a boardwalk known as the Salt Creek Interpretive trail that allowed for easy viewing of the fish in winter and spring but it was destroyed by a massive flash flood in August of 2022. They flood alteres the creek bed and surrounding are and it will take some time to get things rebuilt.

The Devils Hole pupfish, found only in the Devils Hole pool in the Amargosa River basin, is one of the most endangered fish species in the world. They are adapted to the constant, warm temperatures of the pool and have a specialized diet of blue-green algae. hey are heavily protected by park rangers.

A recent study by national park service scuba divers shows that there are about 175 Devils Hole pupfish, up from the low of 35 in 2013.

The Cottonball Marsh pupfish, found in the springs and marshes near the Nevada border, is one of the largest pupfish species in the park and is known for its bright blue coloration during breeding season. They are found in Cottonball Marsh on the west side of central Death Valley.

Finally, the Amargosa pupfish, found in the Amargosa River system, is also adapted to high temperatures and salt levels. They are small and relatively plain in appearance, but are important indicators of water quality in the region. Found in the Amargosa River northwest of Saratoga Springs.

Horned Lizard

The horned lizard, also known as the horny toad or the horned desert lizard, is a common sight in Death Valley National Park. These unique lizards are easily identified by their distinctive body shape and the rows of horns on their heads and backs.

This small reptile typically grows to be around three to five inches long. They are well adapted to life in the desert, with a wide, flattened body that helps them stay close to the ground and avoid the intense heat of the sun. Their skin is covered in a series of bumpy scales, which help to protect them from predators and conserve water.

One of the most interesting things about the horned lizard is its unique defense mechanism. When threatened, the lizard will puff itself up with air, making it appear larger and more intimidating to predators. Some species of horned lizard are also able to shoot blood from their eyes as a way of deterring predators.

In Death Valley National Park, horned lizards can be found in a variety of habitats, from rocky outcroppings to sandy washes. They are most commonly spotted in the early morning and late afternoon, when they are most active. Look for these fascinating reptiles in rocky areas, or near the base of shrubs and other vegetation.

One of the best places to look for horned lizards in Death Valley is around Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes. Here, visitors may spot the desert horned lizard, which has a distinct pattern of black and white spots and stripes that help it blend in with the sand. Horned lizards can also be found in other areas of the park, including Wildrose Charcoal Kilns and around the Furnace Creek area.

Zebra-tailed Lizard

The zebra-tailed lizard, also known as the “tiger lizard,” is a small species of lizard found in Death Valley. They are easily identified by their distinctive black and white striped tails, which resemble those of a zebra.

These lizards are well adapted to the harsh desert environment, with their flat bodies allowing them to easily move over loose sand and rocky terrain. You may also see them on washes or on the edge of roads. They are primarily active during the daytime, and are often seen basking in the sun or seeking shade under rocks or other objects.

In Death Valley National Park, they can be found in areas with loose sand and rocky outcroppings, such as the Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes and the Badwater Basin. Another great place to see zebra-tailed lizards is in the hills around Titus Canyon.

Zebra-tailed lizards feed primarily on insects such as grasshoppers, beetles, and ants. They are also known to occasionally eat other small lizards.

Desert Iguana

The Desert Iguana is a common lizard species found in Death Valley. It is a medium-sized lizard that can grow up to 10 to 16 inches in length, with a relatively flat body, and a long tail that makes up two-thirds of its total length. They have a unique coloration, with a tan or gray body, and dark spots or stripes on the back, making them well-camouflaged against the sandy desert terrain.

The Desert Iguana is a diurnal reptile, meaning that it is active during the day and rests at night. They are primarily herbivores and feed on various desert plants, such as cactus, flowers, and leaves. However, they occasionally consume insects and other small animals.

During the breeding season, which occurs in the spring and early summer, the male Desert Iguana becomes territorial and will engage in head-bobbing and push-up displays to establish dominance over other males. Females will lay 3-8 eggs in a burrow dug in the sand, where they will incubate for 2-3 months.

Visitors to Death Valley National Park are likely to spot Desert Iguanas in rocky areas or desert terrain where there is ample vegetation. Some of the best places to spot them in the park include the Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes, Mosaic Canyon, and Emigrant Canyon. They are also commonly seen along roadsides, basking in the sun.

Tarantula

Tarantulas are one of the many interesting creatures found in Death Valley National Park. There are two species of tarantulas in the park, the desert tarantula and the Arizona blonde tarantula. The desert tarantula is the more common of the two and can be found in the lower elevations of the park, while the Arizona blonde tarantula is found in higher elevations.

These tarantulas are generally brown in color with a hairy body and legs. They have eight eyes, but their vision is poor and they rely more on their sense of touch and smell. They are nocturnal and spend their days in burrows that they create in the ground. At night, they venture out to hunt for insects and other prey.

While tarantulas have a fearsome reputation, they are generally harmless to humans. Their venom is not deadly and is mainly used to subdue their prey. However, if provoked or handled roughly, they may bite as a means of self-defense.

The best time to see tarantulas in Death Valley National Park is during the fall when they are out and about looking for mates. They can be found in open areas and along hiking trails. If you come across a tarantula, it is important to give them space and avoid disturbing them.

Scorpion

There are two species of scorpions commonly found in Death Valley National Park: the desert hairy scorpion and the stripe-tailed scorpion.

The desert hairy scorpion is one of the largest scorpion species in North America, growing up to six inches in length. They are commonly found in Death Valley, and are known for their hairy appearance. They are nocturnal and feed on insects and other small animals.

The stripe-tailed scorpion is a smaller species, growing up to three inches in length. They are also found in desert regions and are recognizable by the distinctive stripes on their tails. They are also nocturnal and feed on insects and other arthropods.

Both species of scorpions in Death Valley are venomous and should be treated with caution. While their stings are usually not life-threatening, they can cause pain and discomfort, and some individuals may experience an allergic reaction. Visitors should always avoid handling or disturbing scorpions.

Love learning about the animals that live in national parks? Then check out our guide to Animals in Yosemite.